Cervical Stenosis and Infertility: A Comprehensive Guide

Dr. Richika Sahay | 07 Nov 2023 | 190370 Views |

What is Cervical Stenosis?

Cervical stenosis is a narrowing of the cervix, the opening to the uterus. The cervix is a muscular tube that connects the uterus to the vagina. It is lined with a mucus plug that helps to keep sperm and bacteria out of the uterus. The cervix also opens and closes during menstruation and childbirth.

Symptoms of Cervical Stenosis

The most common symptom of cervical stenosis is difficulty getting pregnant. Other symptoms may include:

• Painful sex
• Heavy menstrual bleeding
• Painful cramps during menstruation
• Spotting or bleeding between periods
• Difficulty inserting tampons or menstrual cups

Causes of Cervical Stenosis

Cervical stenosis can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Childbirth: Childbirth can cause the cervix to stretch and tear. This can lead to scarring and narrowing of the cervix.
• Injury: Injury to the cervix can also cause narrowing. This can be caused by a variety of things, such as a car accident, a fall, or a medical procedure.
• Infection: Infection of the cervix can also cause narrowing. This can be caused by a variety of infections, such as sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and cervical cancer.

Diagnosis of Cervical Stenosis

Cervical stenosis can be diagnosed with a physical exam and a pelvic exam. The doctor may also order a hysterosalpingogram (HSG), which is an X-ray that can be used to look for blockages in the fallopian tubes and cervix.

Treatment for Cervical Stenosis

There are a number of treatment options available for cervical stenosis. The best treatment for you will depend on the severity of your stenosis and your overall health.

Treatment options include:

• Dilation: Dilation is a procedure that widens the cervix. This can be done using a variety of instruments, such as a balloon catheter or a stent.
• Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to widen the cervix. This can be done using a variety of surgical techniques, such as a hysteroscopic resection of the cervix (HRC) or a cervical conization.

Can Cervical Stenosis Be Prevented?

There is no sure way to prevent cervical stenosis. However, there are a few things you can do to reduce your risk, such as:

• Getting regular pelvic exams
• Practicing safe sex
• Avoiding smoking
• Getting vaccinated against HPV

Conclusion

Cervical stenosis can be a cause of infertility, but it is important to note that it is not the sole cause of infertility in all cases. If you are having difficulty getting pregnant, it is important to see a doctor to be evaluated for all possible causes of infertility. Treatment for cervical stenosis is generally effective and most women are able to get pregnant and have healthy babies.

About The Author

Dr. Richika Sahay

MBBS (Gold Medalist), DNB (Obst & Gyne), MNAMS, MRCOG (London-UK), Fellow IVF, Fellow MAS, Infertility (IVF) Specialist & Gynae Laparoscopic surgeon,[Ex AIIMS & Sir Gangaram Hospital, New Delhi]. Read more